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Cortona is one of Italy's oldest cities and is said to have been first inhabited by the Umbrians. It fell to the Etruscans sometime between 800 and 600 B.C. and became a walled city. Cortona is still surrounded by that ancient Etruscan wall today. It was conquered by the Romans in 300 B.C.and went through several centuries of rule by various Italian city states, finally coming under Tuscan domain in the 15th century..